Jcm Model

1)What is JCM model? Employment trademark model characterizes the errand qualities and its associations with inspiration, execution and fulfillment in work settings. It has a high potential to give experiences into the associations structures or plans essential for upgrading inspiration. It is an expected apparatus for getting inspiration and concocting techniques for propelling individuals.Relevance and utility of major JCM parts in upgrading inspiration in study hall settings are talked about It centers around the conduct of the activity 5 occupation attributes Skill assortment, task character, task noteworthiness, self-rule, input Structural components 3 basic mental states-experienced weightiness of work, experienced self-sufficiency, information on genuine outcomes 1 expanded individual and work results 1 development need quality Unification of different auxiliary elementsCause and impact of these basic components to the mental states Links the correlative written works of train ing and mental work 2)How may a group leader’s comprehension of the JCM model upgrade his/her viability at improving the efficiency of the work unit? It would be ideal if you be explicit as could reasonably be expected. As group pioneer one of my obligations is to make, continue and improve the inspiration of the representatives. So as to accomplish this I need clearness in the assortment of ranges of abilities present inside my employees.For model, one of my colleagues is an exceptionally inventive individual. I see him as a truly significant resource for group particularly when the group is in the â€Å"Analysis Paralysis† mode. He comes in as a zero gravity mastermind and gives an out-of-box point of view. Since the entire group is instilled in the issue, he gets natural air and point of view to the issue and in numerous occasions this viewpoint prompts the group to think in various ways which at last lead to the solution.One of my other partners is very assignment arranged. He will carry out the responsibility whatever it takes to finish it. So when there is an undertaking with tight cutoff time with orderly work included then I pick this person to finish the errand. It is a greater amount of a versatile methodology which needs steady development capacities as opposed to discoveries. So distinguishing the people quality and adjusting the undertakings as per their qualities is basic for making continuing and upgrading the inspiration of people in the team.The challenge is to recognize the qualities and shortcomings in the beginning times of the group building endeavors. This model gives an understanding of distinguishing the range of abilities among the workers, adjusting the assignment to the aptitude, valuing the worth the colleagues get to making the shared objective Progress of the group, giving criticism on their presentation and increased the value of the team’s accomplishment from their commitment, giving them the self-governance to play out their best for the advantage for themselves and for the association.

Summary Module 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Synopsis Module 4 - Essay Example Specifically, the chamber dismissed that the infant kids ought not be immersed in light of the fact that they have no wrongdoing. The Council shielded that the fall of Adam and Eve prompted the way that even infant youngsters are wicked in light of the fact that they have a place with mankind. Thus, the submersion of youngsters is considered as an obligatory methodology, which permits the kid to scrub the spirit from transgression. By and large, the accentuation was set on the possibility that man is a corrupt animal and the person who denies this thought can't be viewed as a Christian. Indeed, even the honest individual living in consistence with Gods charges must understand that solitary God has no transgression. Thus, in the section entitled Of Predestination (the book Summa Theologiae), Thomas Aquinas thinks about fate. By examining the different contentions on this issue, the scholar arrives at a few resolutions that are critical in the structure of the Christian

What Is a Dime in the NBA

What Is a Dime in the NBA When it comes to basketball, its not always obvious how some of the terms they use came about. A good example of this is why the Golden State warriors are called the Dubs as a nickname, but this isnt the only confusing term in basketball. If you listen to a National Basketball Association (NBA) game on television or the radio, theres a good chance that at some point during the telecast, youll hear the announcers say that a player is dropping a dime or some similar variation of that sentence. You can sometimes see the reference in commercials with basketball players as well. For those who arent familiar with its meaning, it sounds strange and out of place and the chances are you have absolutely no idea what they are talking about. What is a dime referring to in basketball? A dime in basketball is the same thing as an assist. For those unfamiliar, a basketball assist occurs when one player makes a pass to a teammate which leads that teammate to score a basket. By making the pass to the teammate, the player has assisted in the making of the basket. Usually, an assist is recorded when a pass is made to the teammate and the teammate then shoots and makes a basket without dribbling the ball, but this isnt a hard-set rule. While this is the case most of the time, there is some judgement involved when considering whether an assist has been made or not. For example, a player who passes to a teammate who is breaking toward the basket and that teammate dribbles once while continuing the cut toward the basket would be given an assist even though the player dribbled. Assists are an important statistic kept for basketball players during each game. Assists are one of the big four statistics (assists, points scored, steals and blocks) tallied each game. Theyre also recorded on a career level as well as career assists. The statistic is important and valued in basketball because setting up teammates with good passes can lead to easier baskets than for the player to try to score all on their own. Why is an assist called a dime? The origin of a basketball assist being called a dime isnt readily known. There are a variety of theories, but the most common assumption is that it came from earlier times when pay phones were available across the US. When payphones were most popular (long before cell phones were the norm) it cost a dime to make a phone call. If one needed to make a phone call, it was common for that person to ask, does anyone have a dime? In this sense, dropping a dime or giving someone a dime was assisting someone to make a phone call. Most people believe this phrase ended up transferring over to the NBA as helping a teammate make a basket. Although dropping a dime is considered a positive move for basketball, it doesnt always have positive connotations when used in other circumstances. For example, dropping a dime is a way to label a person a snitch or someone who tells on another person. Again, the reference to making a phone call is used as when someone tells (calls) authorities to inform someone has broken the law, thus snitching on them. Another popular theory is that it comes from the phrases dropping it on a dime, turning on a dime, at a drop of a dime, and stopping on a dime. These phrases all refer to precision, doing it quickly and without hesitation all characteristics of most assists in basketball. A quick pass right on the mark to a teammate will assist that teammate in scoring. (Image courtesy of Voldy Morton)

Obesity Is A Rising Problem - 1205 Words

Obesity is a rising problem not only in the United States but also in the whole word. With the constant increasing rates of it, something must be done in order to prevent this massive issue. Despite the fact that many local magazines and newspapers have pointed out some specific definitions of obesity, when someone heard of the word, thoughts that may come up to their mind are overweight, big or even unhealthy. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, obesity is described as â€Å"a complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat†. Obesity isn’t just a cosmetic concern. It increases people’s risk of diseases and cause many health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer and high blood pressure. Anybody at†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Family lifestyle. Obesity usually run within families. Family members tend to have similar eating lifestyle and activity habits. If one or both of a person are obese, their risk of being obese more likely higher than others †¢ Age. Obesity can occur at any age but as mentioned above. Young generation more likely to become obese than the others. Among twelve to twenty one, hormonal changes increase one’s risk of obesity and as you get older, the amount of muscle in your body tends to decrease with age. This lower muscle mass leads to a decrease in metabolism therefore reduce calorie needs and make it harder to keep off excess weight. †¢ Social and economic issue. Obesity can occur when one person doesn’t have a safe place for he/she to exercise or he/she might not have been taught healthy ways of cooking as well as not having enough money to buy healthier foods. In addition, people that you spend time with may influence your weight, you are more likely to become obese if you have a relatives or friends that are suffering from obesity Although genetic and hormonal influences on body weight in order to determine whether or not a patient is more likely to become obese but obesity usually results from a combination of causes and contributing factors, including: †¢ Inactivity. If you barely work out or very inactive, you don’t burn as many as calories as you should. With a sedentary lifestyle, you can easily take in more calories every day than the amount you

Hospitality Industry And Its Lack Of Research On Crm...

and privilege at certain luxury hotels, resorts and residence worldwide- in any Jumeriah’s hotels including Burj Al Arab, they will get a 10% discount on spa, leisure facilities and Wild Wadi Waterpark for four guests (Jumeirah, 2015). Silver Members will get an exclusive benefits including complimentary breakfast at the hotel for two; late check-out until 14:00; experience unique amenity; free airport transferal in Maldives and 15% savings mention as in Blue member and 10%-off dining in all Jumeirah restaurants (Jumeirah, 2015). Lastly the Gold members are said to acquire world exclusive privilege and benefits. Besides mention in the other two members, Golden can check-out as late 16:00; complimentary airport transfers and room upgrade;†¦show more content†¦This implementation successfully covers all CRM business support systems needs in terms of leisure, corporate segment as well as incorporates organization’s Data Warehouse (Dot.cy, 2010). The hotel has also pursued in adapting customers loyalty programs. Burj Al Arab’s CRM strategy mainly focusing on the operational perspective of its relationship strategy; equally as their core focus to endorse a unique service proposition with an incredible imaginative experiences and memories (Balakrishnan, 2011). Overall, the strategy expands their process and customer-centric approach. Burj Al Arab claims that it has the most exclusive loyalty programs to its customers and guests (Burj Al Arab, 2015). The main hub of Burj Al Arab’s ‘Stay Different’ CRM strategy is a mixture idea of art and culture ambience so that they will experience something diverse. The idea of this program is to help guests to realize that Burj Al Arab was more than a normal hospitality provider yet giving selection of activities and opportunities in exchanging experience, knowledge and ideas (Balakrishnan, 2011). Apart from Jumeirah Sirius loyalty program, other programs such as giving vouchers and package to the customers is also part of the initiatives. In 2012, Burj Al Arab has launched ‘Romance Competition’ to its customers to win the Gold Package (a four-night stay, a ride with Rolls Royce Phantom and dinner at the beachside). Their main target are not only

Essay on Leukemia Cancer of the Blood - 1639 Words

The river of life, the blood is the body’s primary means of transportation. Blood is a part of the hematopoietic system, which also includes lymphatic tissue, bone marrow, and the spleen. Blood is a complex transport medium that performs vital pick-up and delivery services for the body by picking up food and oxygen from the digestive and respiratory systems, and delivering those vital elements to different cells of the body. In exchange of the blood and oxygen, blood then picks up wastes from the cells for delivery to the urinary organs. These functions could not be provided for the individual cells without the blood. Like any other structure of the body, blood can be attacked by many types of disease, such as Leukemia. Leukemia is a†¦show more content†¦One cubic milliliter of normal blood contains 5,000 to 9,000 white blood cells. The number of white blood cells changes in abnormal conditions. Leukemia is a blood cancer characterized by the formation of abnormally high numbers of white blood cells. It may also transform the normal blood cells into abnormal white blood cells, and the uncontrolled growth in the number of white blood cells overwhelms and replaces normal bone marrow and blood cells. When Leukemia attacks the blood cells, the lymph nodes, the spleen, and the bone marrow are extremely weakened. Scientists do not know what causes Leukemia, but it is suspected that genetic abnormalities contribute, as do environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, exposure to radiation, and/or exposure to environmental toxins or viruses (Parks 9). Most cases of leukemia are marked by leukocytosis; abnormally high white blood cell numbers in the blood. Leukocyte counts of 100,000/mm cubed in circulating blood are common. Leukemia is either described as acute or chronic, based on how quickly the symptoms appear after the disease begins. Leukemia can also be classified as lymphatic or myeloid, depending on the cell type involved. Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia (CLL), Acute Lymphatic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), are the most common types of leukemia. Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia affects people who are 65 years or older, and rarely affects people who are under 30.Show MoreRelatedFacts, Types, and Effects of Leukemia Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesCancer is defined as the unregulated growth of abnormal, mutated cells in the body. Yet perhaps the more routine understanding of the disease is its seriousness regarding an individual’s health. Cancer comes in numerous differing forms that collectively hold cancer as the second leading cause of death in the United States according to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. An array of cancers can affect any organ system in any person no matter the gender, age, or race. One chronic formRead MoreToo Many Diagnosed with Leukemia1325 Words   |  5 Pagesestimated 31,000 new diagnosis of leukemia (Gould Dyer, 2011). Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Bone marrow the spongy tissue inside the bone is where the blood cells are made (The Leukemia Lymphoma Society). Normal white blood cells fight infections in our bodies. In leukemia, the bone marrow is making abnormal white blood cells. The two main types of white blood cells that leukemia affects are; lymphocytes and myeloid cells (The Leukemia Lymphoma Society). Lymphoblasts areRead MoreLeukemia: From a Childs Point of View Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesCancer changes your life, often for the better. You learn whats important, you learn to prioritize, and you learn not to waste your time. You tell people you love them† (Siegel 1). When cancer hits, it hits hard. It does not give a break, it does not give a day off. It takes a special sort of person to beat this growing diseas e. Leukemia is perhaps the worst of all cancers to date. It is especially affecting children more and more in today’s society. One might ask how could a parent that lovesRead MoreAppendix B1735 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental risks * According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, â€Å"A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"There are a few known risk factors for childhood leukemia† (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, â€Å"Genetic risk factors are those that are part of our DNA (the substance that makes up our genes)† (American Cancer Society, 2013). The genetic risk factor isRead MoreLeukemia1485 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: LEUKEMIA 1 Leukemia Maryam Kamber Eastern Illinois University LEUKEMIA 2 Leukemia is a cancer of blood cells, specifically white blood cells that are responsible for fighting infection. However, the abnormal cells in leukemia do not function in the same way as normal white blood cells. Leukemia cells continue to grow and divide, eventually crowding out normal blood cells. TheRead MoreLeukemia And Its Effects On Cancer Development971 Words   |  4 Pageswill be diagnosed with leukemia, and they will have a 58.5% chance of survival in the next 5 years (National Cancer Institute, 2015). Leukemia is a group of cancers that originate from bone marrow and create cancerous blood cells that overcrowd healthy blood cells within the bone marrow. (National Cancer Institute, 2014). Compared to other types of cancer, leukemia is considered to be relatively rare (National Cancer Institute, 2015). Despite this, leukemia is unlike other cancers due to the fact thatRead MoreEssay about Leukemia and Its Treatment843 Words   |  4 Pages Leukemia is some thing that we hear about a lot. I believe that people do not understand exactly what leukemia is and how dangerous it can be, I chose this topic to try to help them understand. In this paper I will explain what leukemia is and what treatments you can choose from to treat the cancer. Leukemia is a type of cancer. Cancer is a group of more than 100 diseases that have two or more important things in common. One is that certain cells in the body become abnormal. Another is that theRead MoreLeukemia: The Disease and The Treatment Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesLeukemia Leukeumia is a type of cancer affecting the bone marrow. Bone marrow is where platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells (Leukocytes) are made. (Medical Journal Dictionary)Leukemia is caused by the rapid production (Proliferation) of Leukocytes, and causes a build-up that inhibits red blood cells, and platelets from functioning and stops other Leukocytes from fighting infection. Because of the abnormally rapid production these cells are unable to mature or develop properly and areRead MoreTaking a Look at Leukemia800 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to the Leukemia Society Lymphoma Society, leukemia â€Å"is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, the spongy center of bones where our blood cells are formed. The disease develops when blood cells produced in the bone marrow grow out of control.† Leukemia typically begins in the white blood cells which serve as potent infection fighters (Leukemia). However, when people have leukemia, this part of the i mmune system doesn’t work properly. The white blood cells are consideredRead MoreLeukemia Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesLeukemia is cancerous disease that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the blood-stream (National Cancer Institute, 2008, para. 1). It is one of many complicated cancer diseases that affect all ages and have very negative outcomes if not treated properly, and on time. Within the disease are several different types that affect according to how quickly the disease develops and attacks the body. It could be classified

Social Drivers of Innovation and Entrepreneurship MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Social Drivers of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Answer: Introduction: Diversity is a barrier to efficient teamwork and it is aptly said. The organisations, the multinational organisations hire people from diverse cultural, religious or any other type of backgrounds. The people from different culture have different level of understanding and perceptions. This diversity often creates barriers to communication which in turn hinders teamwork. This gap in communication often prevents decoding of messages in appropriate ways which affects executions of plans. Thus diversity of human resources hinders teamwork and successful executions of strategies in several ways. The first argument for the motion that diversity hampers teamwork is that it hinders motivation. Today all the organisations come under the effect of external market conditions like political, economic and legal. The organisations have to frame strategies to adapt to the macroeconomic conditions and thrive in the market. This requires the management to set targets which have to be achieved within specific time periods. The target set by the management is then segregated between the departments. The managers then need to allocate the target among their teams. Teamwork demands the managers to communicate the targets with their teams and chalk out plans to achieve them. This requires involvement of the team members in the formation and execution of plans. Often, the targets are quite high and their achievement requires communication and cooperation of all the members. The managers motivate the team members in order to lead them towards obtaining the goal. Communication is the soul of ma nagement, leadership and motivation. Diversity in backgrounds among the team members creates hindrance in communication and motivation because different people have different perceptions. They perceive different things in different ways and act according to them. Thus, diversity makes it difficult for managers to motivate their teams towards achieving the goals (Qian 2013). The next argument for the support the motion is that diversity hinders goal achievement. Leaders need to motivate their teams to achieve their goals which requires smooth flow of communication between the leaders their team. Relationship with managers and the co-workers motivate the employees and are considered the hygiene factors (Band et al. 2016). Now, the different cultures in the world view same things from different angles. For example, if a team member of British makes direct eye contact with his manager, it may have different interpretations. If the manager belongs to the Eastern countries, he may view the eye contact as a sign of disrespect. If the manager hails from a western country, he will regard it as token of sincerity and appreciate it. Thus, in the first case, diversity is liable to create conflict instead of enforcing motivation proving that diversity hampers team spirits. In fact, this difference in cultures prevents certain members and leaders from facilitating mo tivation. Diversity, far from motivation creates conflict among which disrupts execution of plans (Akechi et al. 2017). Diversity hinders communication and creates ego, thus hinders effective teamwork. The complicated tasks and operations today often require staffs from different locations to team up. This apparently enriches the knowledge capital of a team and helps in more efficient execution of projects. This in the other way instead of enforcing team spirit can trigger ego. For example, if a team contains people from several educational backgrounds like technology, marketing and administration. They may instead of cooperating with each other create impediments to insert their importance on each other. Thus, instead of creating a rich body of talent, diversity creates ego and hampers teamwork. It often interdepartmental conflict due to egoistic managers and experts not ready to arrive at a common decision (Dzidowski 2014). Diversity in product line is considered as strength when it comes to product strategy and weakness when it comes to marketing team formation. Marketing is an area which creates demand for the products and services of companies in the market. It leads to sales and generates revenue. Thus marketing is of great strategic importance to organisations and proper execution of marketing plan requires active participation of all the team members. Marketing techniques have gone under great evolution to cater to the market demands and organisational strategies. It is area which sees a lot of innovation to adapt to the market conditions. The modern team leaders today encourage participative leadership and encourage participation of all the members. Difference in views among the members often jeopardises the decision making and gives way to adoption of inappropriate plans. The problem can be explained by taking matter from the perception about colours among different cultures. For example, if an Indian employee proposes to use to red colour to promote a product, a member from South Africa may object to it. Red in Indian culture means excitement and while in the western cultures expresses excitement and energy. South African view red as a sign of mourning and may find in offensive (Cheruvelil et al. 2014). Thus, in this case diversity hinders taking decisions regarding the colour of the packaging. If the manager decides to go by the red colour following the Indian and the American members, the South African member may view this as partiality (Alok, Raveendran and Shaheen 2014). This may lead to conflict and paralyse team management. These situations can only be handled by intervention of the higher officers. Thus, diversity can lead to conflict situations in marketing teams which often attracts senior level intervention (Elliot 2015). Diversity is not restricted to cultural backgrounds and can also refer to difference in operations of the companies. Promotion and intense market competition often require companies to enter into joint ventures and act as teams. The diversity in the business goals, missions, organisational cultures and other attributes of the participating companies often creates rift in the ventures and leads them to their failure. Microsoft acquired the mobile business of Nokia along with many employees. The diversity of plans and strategies between the two companies led to the failure of the venture. Microsoft fired over one thousand three hundred and fifty employees, most of who were formerly with Nokia. This showed that the diversity of business strategies between Nokia and Microsoft led to the failure of the business venture and caused loss worth billions of dollars. The failure led to Microsoft and Nokia losing their market positions to companies like Samsung. It caused the employees of Nokia lose their jobs. Thus, diversity in organisational culture and strategies often lead to failure of ventures, render the employees involved in the venture jobless and so on. Thus, diversity more than infusing talent and innovation into the ventures, creates rift and business losses (The Verge 2017). Today diversity exists in all spheres of the corporate world including the apex management and the workers. Most of the companies in order to gain high market position opt for total quality management as their modus operandi. This requires the companies to bring about total innovation and up gradation in all the areas like production, resource allocation, human resource management and so on. This requires the employees and the managements to act as teams to achieve total quality management. The managements irrespective of the type of the organisations aim to earn higher profits while the workers want to get recognition, better salaries, more paid leaves and so on. The diversity of the objectives often prevents the managements and the employees to synthesise into the corporate fabric. This prevents adoption of total quality management and gives way to conflicts and halt of production. The employees in order to get better pay and other facilities join labour unions. The managements oft en get into conflict with the unions when they do not pay heed to the requirements of the employees (Smith 2016). For example, Qantas Airline of Australia entered into conflict with three labour unions which cost the company a lot. It also stopped service provisions and which made Fair Work Australia direct the company to end the conflict. Thus, diversity instead of weaving management and employees into one fabric, creates serious problems which may even attract government intervention (ABC News 2017). It can again be brought to notice that the conflict between Qantas led to suspension of service to the passengers. This sudden suspension of services actually questioned the commitment of Qantas towards customers safety and satisfaction (Koutsombogera et al. 2015). This conflict also caused a huge financial loss to the company and its market position suffered as well (Davis and Franks 2014). Thus diversity in motives can actually result in financial losses, production loss and loss of competitive advantage. Diversity is a part of the corporate sectors which encompasses both individual departments and entire organisations. It causes communication gap and hampers leadership. It creates ego, feeling of disparity, injustices and hampers team activities. The problem can erode the very organisational culture within organisations which can even attract management intervention. The diversity in business objectives can cause ventures worth billions of dollar to crash without producing any positive outcome. The diversity between the management and the employment demands can grow serious to the extent of requiring government verdict. Thus, disparity causes gap in between teams which can lead to dire consequences as pointed out in the examples. References: ABC News. 2017. What is the Qantas dispute all about?. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-10-29/qantas-factbox/3608330 [Accessed 5 May 2017]. Akechi, H., Senju, A., Uibo, H., Kikuchi, Y., Hasegawa, T. and Hietanen, J. (2017). Attention to Eye Contact in the West and East: Autonomic Responses and Evaluative Ratings. Alok, S., Raveendran, J. and Shaheen, M., 2014. Conflict Management Strategies Used by Indian Software Companies: A Summative Content Analysis.IUP Journal of Soft Skills,8(4), p.47. Band, G., Shah, N.V., Sriram, R. and Appliances, E., 2016. Herzberg Two Factor Theory among the Management Faculty in Nagpur City. InInternational Conference on Management and Information Systems September(Vol. 23, p. 24). Cheruvelil, K.S., Soranno, P.A., Weathers, K.C., Hanson, P.C., Goring, S.J., Filstrup, C.T. and Read, E.K., 2014. Creating and maintaining high?performing collaborative research teams: the importance of diversity and interpersonal skills.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,12(1), pp.31-38. Davis, R. and Franks, D.M., 2014. Costs of company-community conflict in the extractive sector.Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative Report,66, pp.1-56. Dzidowski, A., 2014. The map and the territory. Sensemaking and sensebreaking through the organisational architecture.Problemy Zarz?dzania,49(4), pp.29-44. Elliot, A.J., 2015. Color and psychological functioning: a review of theoretical and empirical work.Frontiers in psychology,6, p.368. Koutsombogera, M., Galanis, D., Riviello, M.T., Tseres, N., Karabetsos, S., Esposito, A. and Papageorgiou, H., 2015. Conflict cues in call center interactions. InConflict and Multimodal Communication(pp. 431-447). Springer International Publishing. Qian, H., 2013. Diversity versus tolerance: The social drivers of innovation and entrepreneurship in US cities.Urban Studies,50(13), pp.2718-2735. Smith, D., 2016.Conflict and Compromise: Class Formation in English Society 1830-1914. Routledge. The Verge. 2017. Microsoft lays off hundreds as it guts its phone business. [online] Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/25/11766344/microsoft-nokia-impairment-layoffs-may-2016 [Accessed 5 May 2017].